Na površini vaš datotečni sustav operativnog sustava može izgledati kao velika hrpa mapa, ali sigurno ima više od toga. Pročitajte kako istražujemo što se nalazi ispod površine datotečnog sustava.
Današnja pitanja i odgovori nam se javljaju zahvaljujući SuperUseru - podjele Stack Exchange-a, zajednice-driven grupiranja Q & A web stranica.
Pitanje
Čitač SuperUser P_Q je znatiželjan o datotekama, piše:
I have used Windows since childhood, and when I hear the phrase “Windows files system” I think of directories (folders) within directories, a folder called SYSTEM, a folder called PROGRAM FILES, etc. Is this what the system is? Just the layout of the folders?
And then I recently started using Linux, and my reference book says in the Linux filesystem everything starts at root and branches off from there. How is that really different from Windows? I mean, it seems the Linux system and the Windows system are just two ways of setting up a directory tree. Is this what file system means?
Je li to jednostavno preuzeti datotečni sustav najtočniji način opisivanja? Digimo malo dublje.
Odgovor
Tomu Wijsmanu SuperUseru pruža uvid u strukturu datotečnih sustava u Windows i Linux operativnim sustavima. Piše:
Just the layout of the folders?
Sounds too good to be true…
Let’s take the FAT32 file system as an example. I can install Windows XP on it, but I can also use it on a memory card. On a memory card, you don’t have those folders that you sum up.
So… Don’t confuse the directory layout of a family of operating systems with a file system.
Is this what a file system means?
No… It refers to the underlying bits and bytes that make your directory structure work.
The underlying bits and bytes? Show me FAT32!
Let’s look at what FAT32 looks like, it has:
Some header sectors in the beginning, like Volume ID and Reserved Sectors
Two File Allocation Tables, allowing us to figure out where our files are.
Clusters containing all our directory and file data.
Some very small unused space that we can’t use.
A FAT table consists of a lot of entries that look like this, allowing us to determine where the directory or file is stored in the clusters space, as well as some attributes and size.
A directory entry would point to a list of directory/file entries…
In the clusters space, we can now travel our clusters to find the data we need. A cluster essentially contains data and information where the next fragments areImage
Do other file systems differ? Show me NTFS!
I’m going to show you an image so you can notice the differences, the rest is homework for the reader: More information can be found on this blog archive or Google.
The main idea is that NTFS is a huge improvement over FAT32 that is more robust/efficient. Having a better idea of (un)used space by using a bitmap to further help against fragmentation. And so on…
Image
What about the file systems on Linux? Show me ext2/3!
The idea is that ext2/ext3 use super blocks and inodes; this allows for soft and hardlinks, directories that are files, files with multiple names and so on. The main gist is abstracting away to allow the file system to be capable of doing more meta-ish stuff…
Image
Za više čitanja na datotečnim sustavima, provjerite sljedeće članke How-To Geek:
HTG objašnjava: Struktura Linux imenike objašnjena
HTG objašnjava: Koji Linux datotečni sustav bi trebao izabrati?
Koji datotečni sustav trebam koristiti za moj USB pogon?
Imate li nešto za objašnjenje? Zvuči u komentarima. Želite li pročitati više odgovora od drugih tehnoloških korisnika Stack Exchangea? Pogledajte ovdje cijelu raspravu.
Za one od vas koji su upoznati s SyncBack uslužnim programom za sigurnosno kopiranje datoteka znaju genija softvera 2BrightSparks. Jedan alat koji možda ne znate je EncryptOnClick. Ovo je najjednostavniji softver za enkripciju koji sam ikada koristio. Koristi vojsku 256-bitnu AES enkripciju s lozinkom za zaštitu. Uz šifriranje dokumenata, istodobno ih se komprimira.
Popraviti poruku o pogrešci: Ne mogu se ažurirati na sustav Windows 8.1. Izgleda da računalo ne može pokrenuti sustav Windows 8.1. Mape korisnika ili programskih datoteka preusmjeravaju se na drugu particiju.
Preuzmite File Fisher, besplatni softver za kopiranje ili premještanje određenih vrsta datoteka iz mješovitog niza datoteka u sustavu Windows. Odaberite izvornu i odredišnu mapu, a ostatak zadataka upravlja freeware.
Pogledajte ovaj post ako ne možete kopirati velike datoteke preko 4 GB na USB memorijski pogon ili SD karticu i primite poruku - Datoteka je prevelika, datoteka je prevelika za odredišni datotečni sustav.
